A contactless reader (PCD) powers the card through a 13.56 MHz field and talks to it with ISO/IEC 14443: Type A or Type B signalling and activation, then the ISO 14443-4 block protocol. EMV Book D (contactless communication protocol) adds the rules that make readers interoperable: the polling loop, collision handling, timings and the operating volume.
Contactless Level 1
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ISO 14443 Type A and B activation, the block protocol and the EMV polling loop.
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The opening of the article
In the full article
- Type A and Type B
- Activation — Type A
- Activation — Type B
- The ISO 14443-4 block protocol
- The EMV polling loop
- What Level 1 measures
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